In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is mainly due to the insufficient oxygen in Nb2O5, utilised to be a raw product Preliminary melt (Czochralski strategy) [186]. Accordingly, depending on its manufacturing technological innovation, niobium pentoxide can undertake a variety of compositions Nb2O5−x. Therefore, https://sandrab221sgr6.wikikarts.com/user